Session 1 Linux History | Linux Application Programming
UNIX History
Richard Stallman and the GNU Movement
Linus Torvalds and the Linux Kernel
To understand GNU/Linux, let s first step back to 1969 to look at the history of the UNIX operating system. Although UNIX has existed for over 50 years, it is one of the most flexible and powerful operating systems to have ever been created.
The goals for UNIX were to provide a multitasking and multiuser operating system that supported application portability. This tradition has continued in all UNIX variants and, given the new perspective of operating system portability, runs on many platforms, UNIX continues to evolve and grow.
The first useful version of UNIX was introduced in late 1971. This version of UNIX was written in the B language, precursor of the C language. It hosted a small number of commands, many of which are still available in UNIX and Linux systems today, such as cat , cp , ls and who. In 1972, UNIX was rewritten in the newly created C language. In the next three years, UNIX continued to evolve, with four new versions produced. In 1979, the Bourne shell was introduced. Its ancestor , the bash shell, is the topic of Chapter 20, Bourne-Again Shell, bash .
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