python run a process with timeout and capture stdout stderr and exit status
In this tutorial, we will learn how to run an external process in Python, set a timeout for its execution, and capture the standard output (stdout), standard error (stderr), and the exit status of the process. This can be useful when you need to execute external commands or programs from your Python script and want to handle any potential errors or capture their output.
We will use the subprocess module in Python to achieve this. The subprocess module provides a way to create and manage additional processes. Additionally, the timeout_decorator library will be used to set a timeout for the process execution.
Python installed on your system.
The timeout_decorator library, which can be installed using pip:
Let's start with a step-by-step example of how to run an external process with a timeout and capture its stdout, stderr, and exit status:
In this code example, we define a function run_command_with_timeout that takes the command to execute and a timeout_seconds parameter for the maximum allowed execution time. Here's a breakdown of the code:
We use subprocess.run to execute the provided command. The shell=True parameter allows us to run shell commands. We capture the stdout and stderr by setting stdout=subprocess.PIPE and stderr=subprocess.PIPE.
We set universal_newlines=True to ensure that the captured output is treated as text.
We use the timeout decorator from the timeout_decorator library to set a timeout for the execution of the command. If the command takes longer than the specified timeout, a subprocess.TimeoutExpired exception is raised.
We print the captured stdout and stderr to the console.
We check the exit status (returncode) to determine whether the command executed successfully or failed.
We provide an example command (ls -l /) and a timeout of 5 seconds in the if _name_ == "__main__" block. You can replace this with your own command and timeout value.
Save the code to a Python file, for example, run_process_with_timeout.py, and run it using:
You can customize the command_to_run and timeout_seconds variables to execute different commands and adjust the timeout as needed.
This tutorial demonstrates how to run external processes with a timeout and capture their output and exit status, providing you with control and error handling for command execution in your Python scripts.
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