20.07 An atomic electron travels 900 kilometer (600 miles) per second creating a seemly solid sphere
The behavior of particles when confined to a small region of space is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. When particles are confined, they react by moving around, and the smaller the region of confinement, the faster the particle moves within it. In the context of an atom, there are two primary forces at play. On one hand, electrons are bound to the nucleus by positive and negative electric forces, which endeavor to keep them as close as possible. On the other hand, the electrons respond to their confinement by moving in orbital paths, and the tighter they are bound to the nucleus, the higher their velocity becomes. In fact, the confinement of electrons in an atom result in enormous velocities, reaching approximately 600 miles per second. These high velocities impart the appearance of the atom as a rigid sphere.
The high velocities of electrons within atoms contribute to the difficulty of compressing atoms further. This resistance to compression gives matter its familiar classical solid aspects in the macroscopic universe. The interplay between the confinement of particles and the forces acting upon them provides valuable insights into the nature of matter and the behavior of particles at the atomic level.
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