Networking Basics Simplified: Top Q&A for DNS,TCP/IP, and Load Balancing

Published: 26 January 2025
on channel: Open Source Devops

Networking Basics Simplified: Top 50 Q&A for DNS,
TCP/IP, and Load Balancing
What is DNS?
DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names (e.g., www.google.com)
into IP addresses.
2. What are the types of DNS records?
A Record: Maps a domain to an IPv4 address.
AAAA Record: Maps a domain to an IPv6 address.
CNAME Record: Points a domain to another domain.
MX Record: Directs emails to mail servers.
TXT Record: Provides text information to outside services.
3. What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device on a
network.
4. What are the types of IP addresses?
IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
IPv6 (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)
5. What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of protocols
that govern internet communication.
6. What is the role of TCP in TCP/IP?TCP ensures reliable delivery of data by establishing a connection and error-
checking during transmission.
7. What is the role of IP in TCP/IP?
IP handles addressing and routing packets of data across networks.
8. What is HTTP?
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting data over the web.
9. What is HTTPS?
HTTPS (HTTP Secure) is the secure version of HTTP, using SSL/TLS encryption for
secure communication.
10. What port numbers do HTTP and HTTPS use?
HTTP: Port 80
HTTPS: Port 443
11. What is a DNS resolver?
A DNS resolver is a server that processes DNS queries to find the corresponding
IP address.
12. What is a DNS cache?
A DNS cache stores DNS query results temporarily to speed up subsequent
requests.
13. What is a domain name?
A domain name is a user-friendly identifier (e.g., example.com) for accessing
websites.14. What is a load balancer?
A load balancer distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure
availability and reliability.
15. What are the types of load balancers?
Hardware Load Balancers
Software Load Balancers
Cloud-based Load Balancers
16. What is TCP handshaking?
TCP handshaking is the process of establishing a connection between two
devices using a three-step process: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.
17. What is a subnet mask?
A subnet mask divides an IP address into network and host portions.
18. What is NAT (Network Address Translation)?
NAT translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses, enabling devices to
access the internet.
19. What is an SSL certificate?
An SSL certificate encrypts data between a browser and a server to ensure
secure communication.
20. What is a 404 error in HTTP?
A 404 error indicates that the requested resource was not found on the server.21. What is a proxy server?
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a client and the internet for
security, caching, or anonymity.
22. What is a firewall?
A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based
on security rules.
23. What is a MAC address?
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a hardware address unique to each
network device.
24. What is a ping command used for?
The ping command checks the connectivity between two devices.
25. What is TTL in networking?
TTL (Time To Live) specifies the lifetime of data packets before they are
discarded.
26. What is a default gateway?
A default gateway is a device that routes traffic from a local network to other
networks.
27. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP transmits data in plaintext.
HTTPS encrypts data using SSL/TLS.28. What is latency in networking?
Latency is the delay in data transmission between a sender and receiver.
29. What is a VPN?
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) creates a secure connection over the internet.
30. What is bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a
network in a given time.
31. What is a 500 error in HTTP?
A 500 error is a generic server-side error.
32. What is a CDN?
A CDN (Content Delivery Network) delivers web content from servers closest to
the user to reduce latency.
33. What is packet switching?
Packet switching breaks data into packets and transmits them independently
across a network.
34. What is the purpose of ARP?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.
35. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP: Reliable, connection-oriented protocol.
UDP: Unreliable, connectionless protocol.36. What is a DNS server?
A DNS server translates domain names into IP addresses.
37. What is HTTPS redirection?
HTTPS redirection forces users to connect to the secure version of a website.
38. What is an HTTP header?
HTTP headers contain metadata about the request or response.
39. What is ICMP?
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for sending error messages
and operational information.
40. What is a dynamic IP address?
A dynamic IP address changes periodically and is assigned by a DHCP server.
41. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4: 32-bit address space.
IPv6: 128-bit address space.

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