Radio Wave Propagation Part 1: How Ground / Surface EM Wave Travel Along the Surface of the Earth.
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• Radio Wave Propagation Part 1: How Gr...
A Ground wave is an EM wave that travels along the surface of the earth from the transmitter to the receiver. As such, they are sometimes also referred as Surface waves. As the radio waves travel over hills or buildings, they are diffracted. This tends to make the wave follow the curvature of the earth.
With Ground waves, the changing electric field will induce voltages in the earth’s surface, which will cause current to flow in the earth’s surface.
Earth surface has resistance and dielectric losses and therefore Ground waves are attenuated as they propagate and hence only short distance transmission is achieved through the use of Ground waves.
Ground wave propagates best over a surface that is a good conductor, such as salt water, and propagates poorly over dry desert areas.
At frequencies below 1.5 MHz (MF radio frequency band), Ground waves provide the best coverage. This is because Ground losses increase rapidly with increasing frequency.
Applications of Ground Wave Propagation
Ground wave is commonly used for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications, for radio navigation, and for maritime mobile communications.
Advantages of Ground wave
Given enough transmit power, Ground waves can be used to communicate for a long range beyond your imagination.
Ground waves are relatively unaffected by changing atmospheric conditions.
Disadvantages of Ground wave
Ground waves require a relatively high transmission power.
Since Ground waves are limited to VLF, LF, and MF frequencies, they require very large antenna.
Ground losses vary considerably with surface material.
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