Open Shortest Path First | OSPF single area Configuration in Cisco Packet Tracer | ccna
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Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) is one of the dynamic routing protocols amongst others such as EIGRP, BGP and and RIP. It is perhaps one of the most popular link state routing protocols. It is an open standard, so it can be run on routers from different vendors.
OSPF supports key features such as:
IPv4 and IPv6 routing
Classless routing
Equal cost load balancing,
Manual route summarization, etc.
OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110. It uses cost as the parameter for determining route metric. It uses the multicast address of 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 for communication between OSPF-enabled neighbors
Routers running OSPF need to establish a neighbor relationship before exchanging routing updates. Each OSPF router runs the SFP algorithm to calculate the best routes and adds them to the routing table.
OSPF routers store routing and topology information in three tables.:
Neighbor table-which stores information about OSPF neighbors.
Topology table-stores topology structure of the network.
Routing table-stores the best routes.
Single-Area OSPF - , all routers are in one area called the backbone area (area 0).
Area 0 is also called the backbone area.
Single-area OSPF is useful in smaller networks with few routers.
The three main components of the OSPF routing protocol include:
Data Structures
OSPF creates and maintains three databases:
Adjacency database - Creates the neighbor table
List of all neighbor routers to which a router has estalished bidirectional communication.
This table is unique for each router.
Can be viewed using the "show ip ospf neighbor" command.
Link-state database (LSDB) - Creates the topology table
List information about all other routers in the network.
The database represents the network topology.
All routers within an area have identical LSDB.
Can be viewed using the "show ip ospf" database command.
Forwarding database - Creates the routing table
List of routes generated when an algoritm is run on the link-state database.
Each router's routing table is unique and contains information on how and where to send packets to other routers.
Can be viewed using the "show ip route" command.
Routing Protocol Messages
OSPF exchanges messages to convey routing information using five types of packets. These packets:
Hello packet
Database description packet
Link-state request packet
Link-state update packet
Link-state acknowledgment packet
These packets are used to discover neighboring routers and also to exchange routing information to maintain accurate information about the network.
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