Python global variables w3schools com
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python global variables
in python, a global variable is a variable that is defined outside of any function and can be accessed throughout the entire program. global variables are useful when you want to share data between different functions.
#### creating global variables
to create a global variable, simply define it outside of any function. you can then access and modify it inside functions using the `global` keyword.
#### example of global variables
here’s a simple example to illustrate the concept of global variables:
#### explanation of the example
1. **global variable declaration**: the variable `x` is declared outside any function, making it a global variable.
2. **accessing global variables**: in the `print_global()` function, the global variable `x` is accessed directly without any special declaration.
3. **modifying global variables**: in the `modify_global()` function, the `global` keyword is used to indicate that we want to modify the global variable `x`. if we hadn't used `global`, python would treat `x` as a local variable within that function.
4. **function calls**: after calling `print_global()` and `modify_global()`, you can see that the changes made to `x` persist across function calls.
#### best practices
**use global variables sparingly**: overusing global variables can make your code harder to understand and maintain. it’s often better to pass variables as parameters to functions.
**avoid global state in multithreading**: if you’re working with multithreading, be cautious with global variables, as they can lead to race conditions.
#### conclusion
global variables can be a powerful tool for sharing data across different parts of your program. however, they should be used judiciously to maintain clean and understandable code. when necessary, always declare a variable as global inside a function if you intend to modif ...
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